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What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves.

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Type 1 diabetes

This type is an autoimmune disease in which your immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in your pancreas for unknown reasons. Up to 10% of people who have diabetes have Type 1. Anyone at any age can develop Type 1 diabetes (T1D), though the most common age at diagnosis is between the ages of 4 to 6 and in early puberty (10 to 14 years).

Diagnose of TD1

Random blood sugar test. This is the primary screening test for type 1 diabetes. A blood sample is taken at a random time. A blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 11.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), or higher, along with symptoms, suggests diabetes.

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This test indicates your child’s average blood sugar level for the past 3 months. An A1C level of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes.

Fasting blood sugar test. A blood sample is taken after your child hasn’t eaten (fasted) for at least 8 hours or overnight. A fasting blood sugar level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher suggests type 1 diabetes.

 

T1D-friendly food sources/dietary habits

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Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a condition that happens because of a problem in the way the body regulates and uses sugar as a fuel. That sugar also is called glucose. This long-term condition results in too much sugar circulating in the blood. Eventually, high blood sugar levels can lead to disorders of the circulatory, nervous and immune systems.

In type 2 diabetes, there are primarily two problems. The pancreas does not produce enough insulin — a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into the cells. And cells respond poorly to insulin and take in less sugar.

Diagnose of TD2

Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed using the glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test indicates your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. Results are interpreted as follows:

  • Below 5.7% is normal.
  • 5.7% to 6.4% is diagnosed as prediabetes.
  • 6.5% or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes.

T2D-friendly food sources/dietary habits

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Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. It usually develops around the 24th week of pregnancy when the body is unable to produce enough insulin to meet the increased demands, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Gestational diabetes doesn’t always cause noticeable symptoms, and it is often diagnosed through routine screening during pregnancy.


Symptoms of Gestational

  1. Increased Thirst (Polydipsia): Similar to other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes may lead to excessive thirst.

  2. Frequent Urination (Polyuria): Higher blood sugar levels can result in increased urine production.

  3. Fatigue: The body’s inability to efficiently use glucose for energy may lead to feelings of tiredness.

  4. Unexplained Weight Loss or Gain: Some women may experience changes in weight despite stable eating habits.

  5. Blurred Vision: Elevated blood sugar levels can affect fluid balance in the eyes, causing temporary vision changes.

GDM-friendly food sources/dietary habits

Diabetes Nutrition
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"Cici really knew her stuff when it came to diabetes management and nutrition. It was obvious she took the time to go through the notes I shared, and she brought them up during our talk. What I loved was how flexible and quick-thinking she was, especially considering I'm a bit picky. RD Cici could instantly suggest changes to suit my preferences. Talking to her opened my eyes to a whole new understanding of diabetes and nutrition. Plus, she's super friendly and made the whole conversation"
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Yuwei
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Othor
"I was going through a hard time digesting the news that I am being diagnosed with diabetes at my 30s. RD Tan helped me get through it one step at a time and I am now living like a normal person! I can hangout with my friends and family and eating healthy without medication! I’m eating mindfulness and exercising, she is very helpful in all aspects. I really appreciate her!"
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Kim Ann

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